Palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most toxic seafood contaminants ever isolated. Reports of human food-borne poisoning ascribed to PLTX suggest skeletal muscle as a primary target site. Primary cultures of mouse skeletal muscle cells were used to study the relationship between Ca(2+) response triggered by PLTX and the development of myotoxic insult. Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that PLTX causes a transitory intracellular Ca(2+) response (transient phase) followed by a slower and more sustained Ca(2+) increase (long-lasting phase). The transient phase is due to Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores and entry through voltage-dependent channels and the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (reverse mode). The long-lasting phase is due to a massive and prolonged Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular compartment. Sulforhodamine B assay revealed that the long-lasting phase is the one responsible for the toxicity in skeletal muscle cells. Our data analyzed, for the first time, pathways of PLTX-induced Ca(2+) entry and their correlation with PLTX-induced toxicity in skeletal muscle cells. The cellular morphology changes induced by PLTX and the sensitivity to gadolinium suggest a role for stretch-activated channels.

The stretch-activated channel blocker Gd3+ reduces palytoxin toxicity in primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells

DEL FAVERO, GIORGIA;FLORIO, CHIARA;CODAN, BARBARA;SOSA, SILVIO;SBAIZERO, ORFEO;TUBARO, AURELIA;LORENZON, Paola
2012-01-01

Abstract

Palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most toxic seafood contaminants ever isolated. Reports of human food-borne poisoning ascribed to PLTX suggest skeletal muscle as a primary target site. Primary cultures of mouse skeletal muscle cells were used to study the relationship between Ca(2+) response triggered by PLTX and the development of myotoxic insult. Ca(2+) imaging experiments revealed that PLTX causes a transitory intracellular Ca(2+) response (transient phase) followed by a slower and more sustained Ca(2+) increase (long-lasting phase). The transient phase is due to Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores and entry through voltage-dependent channels and the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (reverse mode). The long-lasting phase is due to a massive and prolonged Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular compartment. Sulforhodamine B assay revealed that the long-lasting phase is the one responsible for the toxicity in skeletal muscle cells. Our data analyzed, for the first time, pathways of PLTX-induced Ca(2+) entry and their correlation with PLTX-induced toxicity in skeletal muscle cells. The cellular morphology changes induced by PLTX and the sensitivity to gadolinium suggest a role for stretch-activated channels.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2590820
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