The intensified use of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) in many chemical reactions, jewellery, electronic devices, in car catalytic converters and in biomedical applications lead to a significant increase in palladium exposure. Pd can cause allergic contact dermatitis when in contact with the skin. However, there is still a lack of toxicological data related to nano-structured palladium and information on human cutaneous absorption. In fact, PdNPs, can be absorbed through the skin in higher amounts than bulk Pd because NPs can release more ions. In our study, we evaluated the absorption of PdNPs, with a size of 10.7 ± 2.8 nm, using intact and damaged human skin in Franz cells. 0.60 mg cm-2 of PdNPs were applied on skin surface for 24 h. Pd concentrations in the receiving solutions at the end of experiments were 0.098 ± 0.067 μg cm-2 and 1.06 ± 0.44 μg cm-2 in intact skin and damaged skin, respectively. Pd flux permeation after 24 h was 0.005 ± 0.003 μg cm-2 h-1 and 0.057 ± 0.030 μg cm-2 h-1 and lag time 4.8 ± 1.7 and 4.2 ± 3.6 h, for intact and damaged skin respectively. This study indicates that Pd can penetrate human skin.

Palladium nanoparticles exposure: Evaluation of permeation through damaged and intact human skin.

LARESE FILON, FRANCESCA;CROSERA, MATTEO;MAURO, MARCELLA;BARACCHINI, ELENA;BOVENZI, MASSIMO;MONTINI, TIZIANO;FORNASIERO, Paolo;ADAMI, GIANPIERO
2016-01-01

Abstract

The intensified use of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) in many chemical reactions, jewellery, electronic devices, in car catalytic converters and in biomedical applications lead to a significant increase in palladium exposure. Pd can cause allergic contact dermatitis when in contact with the skin. However, there is still a lack of toxicological data related to nano-structured palladium and information on human cutaneous absorption. In fact, PdNPs, can be absorbed through the skin in higher amounts than bulk Pd because NPs can release more ions. In our study, we evaluated the absorption of PdNPs, with a size of 10.7 ± 2.8 nm, using intact and damaged human skin in Franz cells. 0.60 mg cm-2 of PdNPs were applied on skin surface for 24 h. Pd concentrations in the receiving solutions at the end of experiments were 0.098 ± 0.067 μg cm-2 and 1.06 ± 0.44 μg cm-2 in intact skin and damaged skin, respectively. Pd flux permeation after 24 h was 0.005 ± 0.003 μg cm-2 h-1 and 0.057 ± 0.030 μg cm-2 h-1 and lag time 4.8 ± 1.7 and 4.2 ± 3.6 h, for intact and damaged skin respectively. This study indicates that Pd can penetrate human skin.
2016
Pubblicato
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116303438
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
1-s2.0-S0269749116303438-main.pdf

Accesso chiuso

Tipologia: Documento in Versione Editoriale
Licenza: Copyright Editore
Dimensione 1.11 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.11 MB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri   Richiedi una copia
2873237_1-s2.0-S0269749116303438-main-PostPrint.pdf

Open Access dal 30/04/2018

Descrizione: Post Print VQR3 - This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Environmental pollution on 29 Apr 2016, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.077
Tipologia: Bozza finale post-referaggio (post-print)
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 1.61 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.61 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2873237
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? 4
  • Scopus 37
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 32
social impact