The subject of this PhD is the development of the socialist movement in the city of Fiume (now Rijeka) during the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. In particular, the study addresses the relationship between local socialists, the Autonomist party, and the dominant Italian speaking society. During the existence of the Dual Monarchy, the city held the legal status of a corpus separatum, a detached administrative body from the nearby Croatia-Slavonia, directly subjected to the Kingdom of Hungary with a certain degree of self-government. On the turn of the XX century, the level of self-government enjoyed by the local Italian speaking elite was disputed and continuously limited by the Hungarian central authorities. As a response to that, the local elite established the Autonomist party which in a few years managed to gain control over the civic institutions and started nationalising the local population by forming and strengthening a specific Fiuman regional identity. Meanwhile, Fiume was becoming a relevant economic and industrial centre in the North Adriatic region, attracting a large working force in town. Alongside with the spread of Autonomism, the socialist movement started to create its own class institutions, and slowly organized trade unions, cultural institutions, public celebrations and finally formed a socialist party. The socialist organization and public celebrations led by socialists were not completely opposed to the rest of the local society. On the contrary, as a prosopographic analysis of some socialists shows, socialists were to a various degree connected with the larger society. As in the case of other socialist parties, Fiuman socialists where convinced internationalists, and used and reinterpreted in class terms the dominant culture, however they were unable to separate themselves from the existing national culture. On the other side, the local dominant culture was not merely Italian but connected with a narration of fidelity towards Hungary and the Habsburg dynasty. Due to the particular administrative and historical position of the town and through the intensive autonomist propaganda Fiuman workers and socialists became local patriots. The last and final expression of this attitude was the socialists' commitment for an ambiguous Fiuman republic when the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was doomed to disappear.

Il tema di questa tesi di dottorato è lo sviluppo del movimento socialista nella città di Fiume (oggi Rijeka) durante gli ultimi anni della Monarchia Austro-Ungarica. In particolar modo, lo studio si concentra sui rapporti tra i locali socialisti, il partito autonomista e la società italofona dominante. Durante l'esistenza della Duplice Monarchia, la città deteneva lo status legale di corpus separatum, un ente amministrativo distaccato dalla vicina Croazia-Slavonia, e con un certo margine di autogoverno fu soggetta direttamente al Regno d'Ungheria. All'inizio del Novecento, il livello di autogoverno goduto dalla locale élite italofona fu contestato e limitato continuamente dalle autorità centrali ungheresi. Come risposta l'élite locale fondò il partito autonomo che in pochi anni prese il controllo delle istituzioni cittadine e iniziò a nazionalizzare la popolazione locale creando e rafforzando una specifica identità fiumana. Nel frattempo, Fiume stava diventando un rilevante centro economico e industriale dell'Alto Adriatico attraendo una cospicua forza lavoro. Contemporaneamente con la diffusione dell'autonomismo, il movimento socialista iniziò a creare proprie istituzioni di classe e lentamente organizzò i sindacati, delle istituzioni culturali, elaborò celebrazioni pubbliche e riuscì a fondare un partito socialista. L'organizzazione socialista e le celebrazioni pubbliche guidate dai socialisti non erano però completamente in opposizione con il resto della società locale. Anzi, come un'analisi prosopografica di alcuni socialisti dimostra, i socialisti erano a vario livello collegati con strati più ampi della società. Come nel caso di altri partiti socialisti, i socialisti fiumani erano convinti internazionalisti e utilizzarono e reinterpretarono in termini di classe la cultura dominante. Tuttavia, erano incapaci di separarsi dall'esistente cultura nazionale. Dall'altro lato, la cultura locale dominante non era semplicemente italiana ma connessa con una narrazione di fedeltà verso l'Ungheria e la dinastia degli Asburgo. Causa una particolare posizione amministrativa e storica della città e tramite l'intensa propaganda autonomista, gli operai e i socialisti fiumani divennero così dei localpatrioti. L'ultima e finale manifestazione di questa attitudine fu l'impegno dei socialisti per un'ambigua repubblica fiumana quando la Monarchia Austro-Ungarica era destinata a sparire.

Nell'ombra dell'autonomismo. Il movimento socialista a Fiume, 1901-1921 / Jeličić, Ivan. - (2017 May 25).

Nell'ombra dell'autonomismo. Il movimento socialista a Fiume, 1901-1921.

JELIČIĆ, IVAN
2017-05-25

Abstract

The subject of this PhD is the development of the socialist movement in the city of Fiume (now Rijeka) during the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. In particular, the study addresses the relationship between local socialists, the Autonomist party, and the dominant Italian speaking society. During the existence of the Dual Monarchy, the city held the legal status of a corpus separatum, a detached administrative body from the nearby Croatia-Slavonia, directly subjected to the Kingdom of Hungary with a certain degree of self-government. On the turn of the XX century, the level of self-government enjoyed by the local Italian speaking elite was disputed and continuously limited by the Hungarian central authorities. As a response to that, the local elite established the Autonomist party which in a few years managed to gain control over the civic institutions and started nationalising the local population by forming and strengthening a specific Fiuman regional identity. Meanwhile, Fiume was becoming a relevant economic and industrial centre in the North Adriatic region, attracting a large working force in town. Alongside with the spread of Autonomism, the socialist movement started to create its own class institutions, and slowly organized trade unions, cultural institutions, public celebrations and finally formed a socialist party. The socialist organization and public celebrations led by socialists were not completely opposed to the rest of the local society. On the contrary, as a prosopographic analysis of some socialists shows, socialists were to a various degree connected with the larger society. As in the case of other socialist parties, Fiuman socialists where convinced internationalists, and used and reinterpreted in class terms the dominant culture, however they were unable to separate themselves from the existing national culture. On the other side, the local dominant culture was not merely Italian but connected with a narration of fidelity towards Hungary and the Habsburg dynasty. Due to the particular administrative and historical position of the town and through the intensive autonomist propaganda Fiuman workers and socialists became local patriots. The last and final expression of this attitude was the socialists' commitment for an ambiguous Fiuman republic when the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was doomed to disappear.
25-mag-2017
DOGO, MARCO
29
2015/2016
Settore M-STO/02 - Storia Moderna
Università degli Studi di Trieste
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908209
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