Nearly-Linear uncertainty measures

Several easy to understand and computationally tractable imprecise probability models, like the Pari-Mutuel model, are derived from a given probability measure P_0. In this paper we investigate a family of such models, called Nearly-Linear (NL). They generalise a number of well-known models, while preserving a simple mathematical structure. In fact, they are linear affine transformations of P_0 as long as the transformation returns a value in [0,1] . We study the properties of NL measures that are (at least) capacities, and show that they can be partitioned into three major subfamilies. We investigate their consistency, which ranges from 2-coherence, the minimal condition satisfied by all, to coherence, and the kind of beliefs they can represent. There is a variety of different situations that NL models can incorporate, from generalisations of the Pari-Mutuel model, the ε-contamination model and other models to conflicting attitudes of an agent towards low/high P_0-probability events (both prudential and imprudent at the same time), or to symmetry judgments. The consistency properties vary with the beliefs represented, but not strictly: some conflicting and partly irrational moods may be compatible with coherence. In a final part, we compare NL models with their closest, but only partly overlapping, models, neo-additive capacities and probability intervals.