Polarization and violent communication: a speech-act theoretical perspective

This paper deals with polarization and violent communication in online discussions from a speech-act theoretical perspective. Drawing on an Austinian framework, it shows how the standard conversational dynamics of illocutionary acts, especially assertions, can be distorted in polarized digital environments. In such contexts, assertions often work as markers of ideological belonging rather than as contributions to dialogue. Through examples from discussions on X about an Italian political event, the paper identifies recurring strategies of discrediting, delegitimizing, silencing, and insulting opponents. These strategies reinforce echo chambers, intensify an “us vs. them” divide, and contribute to the escalation of hostile communication.