Tobetterdefinetheneuralnetworksrelatedtopreparationofreaching,weappliedtranscranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)tothelateralparietalandfrontalcortex.TMSdidnotevokeeffectscloselyrelatedtopreparationofreaching,suggestingthatneuralnetworksalreadyidentifiedbyourgrouparenotlargerthanpreviouslythought.WealsoreplicatedpreviousTMS/EEGdatabyapplyingTMStotheparietalcortex:newanalyseswereperformedtobettersupportreliabilityofalreadyreportedfindings(Zanonetal.,2010;BrainTopography22,307–317).Weshowedtheexistenceofneuralcircuitsrangingfromposteriortofrontalregionsofthebrainafterthestimulationofparietalcortex,supportingtheideaofstrongconnectionsamongtheseareasandsuggestingtheirpossibletemporaldynamic.Connectionwithventralstreamwasconfirmed.Thepresentworkhelpstodefinethoseareaswhichareinvolvedinpreparationofnaturalreachinginhumans.Theycorrespondtoparieto-occipital,parietalandpremotormedialregionsofthelefthemisphere,i.e.,thecontralateralonewithrespecttothemovinghand,assuggestedbypreviousstudies.Behavioraldatasupporttheexistenceofadiscretestreaminvolvedinreaching.Besidestheserialflowofactivationfromposteriortoanteriordirection,aparallelelaborationofinformationamongparietalandpremotorareasseemsalsotoexist.Presentcortico-corticalinteractions(TMS/EEGexperiment)showpropagationofactivitytofrontal,temporal,parietalandmoreposteriorregions,exhibitingdistributedcommunicationamongvariousareasinthebrain.TheneuralsystemhighlightedbyTMS/EEGexperimentsiswiderwithrespecttotheonedisclosedbytheTMSbehavioralapproach.Furtherstudiesareneededtounravelthispaucityofoverlap.Moreover,theunderstandingofthesemechanismsiscrucialforthecomprehensionofresponseinhibitionandchangesinpreparedactions,whicharecommonbehaviorsineverydaylife.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and preparation of visually-guided reaching movements
BUSAN, PIERPAOLO;PIZZOLATO, GILBERTO;BATTAGLINI, PIERO PAOLO
2012-01-01
Abstract
Tobetterdefinetheneuralnetworksrelatedtopreparationofreaching,weappliedtranscranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)tothelateralparietalandfrontalcortex.TMSdidnotevokeeffectscloselyrelatedtopreparationofreaching,suggestingthatneuralnetworksalreadyidentifiedbyourgrouparenotlargerthanpreviouslythought.WealsoreplicatedpreviousTMS/EEGdatabyapplyingTMStotheparietalcortex:newanalyseswereperformedtobettersupportreliabilityofalreadyreportedfindings(Zanonetal.,2010;BrainTopography22,307–317).Weshowedtheexistenceofneuralcircuitsrangingfromposteriortofrontalregionsofthebrainafterthestimulationofparietalcortex,supportingtheideaofstrongconnectionsamongtheseareasandsuggestingtheirpossibletemporaldynamic.Connectionwithventralstreamwasconfirmed.Thepresentworkhelpstodefinethoseareaswhichareinvolvedinpreparationofnaturalreachinginhumans.Theycorrespondtoparieto-occipital,parietalandpremotormedialregionsofthelefthemisphere,i.e.,thecontralateralonewithrespecttothemovinghand,assuggestedbypreviousstudies.Behavioraldatasupporttheexistenceofadiscretestreaminvolvedinreaching.Besidestheserialflowofactivationfromposteriortoanteriordirection,aparallelelaborationofinformationamongparietalandpremotorareasseemsalsotoexist.Presentcortico-corticalinteractions(TMS/EEGexperiment)showpropagationofactivitytofrontal,temporal,parietalandmoreposteriorregions,exhibitingdistributedcommunicationamongvariousareasinthebrain.TheneuralsystemhighlightedbyTMS/EEGexperimentsiswiderwithrespecttotheonedisclosedbytheTMSbehavioralapproach.Furtherstudiesareneededtounravelthispaucityofoverlap.Moreover,theunderstandingofthesemechanismsiscrucialforthecomprehensionofresponseinhibitionandchangesinpreparedactions,whicharecommonbehaviorsineverydaylife.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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