Degree of conversion of self-etch adhesives: In situ Micro-Raman analysis

Purpose: Degree of conversion (DC) affects the physicochemical properties of dental adhesives. The aim of this study was to measure the DC within the hybrid layer of four one-step self-etch adhesives using Raman microspectroscopy. The hypothesis tested was that there was no difference among the tested adhesives. Methods and Materials: The selected one-step self-etch adhesives (Clearfil S3 Bond Plus, IBOND, G-BOND, and Adper Easy Bond) were applied on human dentin disks and polymerized in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. Specimens were transversally cut to expose the bonded interfaces to the micro- Raman beam, and Raman spectra were collected along the dentin/adhesive interface. Measurements were performed at 1-lm intervals. The relative intensities of bands associated with the C=C bond (at 1640 cm-1) and an internal stable peak (1610 cm-1) were determined to calculate the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer. Data were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Bartlett tests and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results: The DC ranked as follows: G-BOND (93%±6%) Adper Easy Bond (92%±6%)≥IBOND (89%±7%). Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (80%±14%) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, all of the tested self-etch adhesives showed a clinically acceptable DC that was material dependent.