Over the past few decades, research has yielded valuable models for the conceptualisation of translation competence, both in the academic and professional worlds (e.g. Kelly 2002; PACTE 2003; EMT Expert Group 2009; Göpferich 2009). However, despite the growing consensus on translation competence as a multi-faceted competence comprising several core skills, the different perspectives have resulted in terminological (when not downright conceptual) ambiguity. In the specific case of legal translation, whilst many scholars have tried to outline the profile of the competent legal translator (e.g. Šarčević 1994; Hertog 2001; Prieto Ramos 2011; Piecychna 2013), the scope and extent of the legal knowledge required to ensure quality still remain open questions. With the aim to help filling this gap in both the training and profession of legal translators, this PhD research project tried to investigate legal translation competence with a special focus on the didactic perspective. To this end, an empirical study has been conducted at the University of Trieste which analyses the EN-IT translations of an EU criminal law document produced by translators with different educational backgrounds: a cohort of translation postgraduates with no specialisation in the legal field, on the one hand, and a cohort of linguistically-skilled law graduates with no translation-related qualifications, on the other. More precisely, the study focussed on the problems encountered by participants in their translation processes and the quality issues of their translation products as indicators of declarative and procedural knowledge deficits to be remedied through adequate training. Consequently, the study adopted a twofold approach. Firstly, the participants’ translation process was analysed by triangulating data from different collection methods, i.e. screen and video recording, keystroke logging, and a post-task questionnaire. The variables under investigation include the participants’ delivery time, translation phases, pauses, translation problems, consultations of reference sources and sequences-of-action. Secondly, all process-related data have been mapped onto the quality of the participants’ target texts, which was evaluated through both the analysis of translation errors and the assessment of the translation acceptability. The analysis shed light on the different levels of translation competence displayed by the two groups, with direct implications for the identification of their specific training needs. In particular, the results indicate a more superficial approach for lawyers, who mainly focussed on the micro-textual level, problematised little and produced poor quality translations. By contrast, the findings suggest that the translation-specific training of translators enabled them to reach acceptable quality levels, despite their lack of subject-field specialisation. The identification of a possible correlation between the different backgrounds of the participants and the quality of their translations thus appears to suggest that a translation background is in fact a fundamental component of legal translation competence, to be integrated with the necessary legal (or specific subject field) knowledge. The results led to a first, empirical attempt both at (a) validating the integrative EMT-based model for legal translation competence (Scarpa & Orlando, forthcoming) developed as part of the QUALETRA project, which provided the theoretical foundation to the present study, and (b) grounding the notion that “a competent legal translator is first of all a competent translator” (Cao 2007:39).

Nel corso degli ultimi decenni la ricerca ha proposto una serie di modelli per la concettualizzazione della competenza traduttiva in ambito sia accademico che professionale (e.g. Kelly 2002; PACTE 2003; EMT Expert Group 2009; Göpferich 2009). Malgrado il sempre più vasto consenso su modelli multi-componenziali costituiti da una serie di abilità specifiche di base, le diverse prospettive hanno portato a una certa ambiguità terminologica (se non addirittura concettuale). Nel caso specifico della traduzione giuridica, molti studiosi hanno cercato di delineare il profilo del traduttore giuridico competente (ad esempio Šarčević 1994; Hertog 2001; Prieto Ramos 2011; Piecychna 2013) senza però trovare una risposta definitiva in merito alla natura e alla portata delle conoscenze giuridiche necessarie per garantire la qualità del testo d’arrivo. Nel tentativo di colmare questa lacuna, il presente lavoro si propone di indagare la competenza traduttiva giuridica in una prospettiva prevalentemente didattica. A questo scopo è stato condotto uno studio empirico presso l’Università di Trieste, volto ad analizzare le traduzioni dall’inglese all’italiano di un documento di diritto penale comunitario effettuate da potenziali traduttori giuridici che avevano concluso percorsi formativi diversi: da un lato, un campione di laureati in traduzione senza alcuna specializzazione in campo giuridico e, dall’altro, un gruppo di giuristi con una comprovata conoscenza linguistica dell’inglese linguisticamente qualificati che però non avevano avuto alcun tipo di formazione in traduzione. Più specificatamente, lo studio si è concentrato sui problemi che i partecipanti hanno incontrato tanto nel processo traduttivo quanto nel risultante testo tradotto e che sono stati considerati come indicatori di deficit di conoscenze dichiarative e procedurali da colmare mediante una formazione adeguata. Lo studio ha adottato un duplice approccio. In primo luogo è stato analizzato il processo traduttivo dei partecipanti tramite la triangolazione di dati raccolti con metodi di rilevazione diversi, quali la registrazione dell’attività a schermo e delle digitazioni, una ripresa video esterna e un questionario ex post. L’analisi delle caratteristiche comportamentali e procedurali dei partecipanti prende in considerazione il tempo di consegna, le fasi traduttive, le pause, i problemi di traduzione, le consultazioni di fonti di riferimento e il processo decisionale. In una seconda fase dello studio i dati relativi al processo sono stati associati alla qualità dei testi prodotti dai partecipanti, che è stata valutata sia attraverso l’analisi degli errori che tramite il criterio dell’accettabilità. L’analisi ha permesso di individuare i diversi livelli di competenza dei due gruppi e, di riflesso, le loro specifiche esigenze formative. La possibile correlazione tra il diverso percorso di studi dei partecipanti e la qualità delle loro traduzioni sembra quindi suggerire che una formazione nel campo della traduzione sia una componente fondamentale della competenza traduttiva anche nel settore giuridico, anche se pur sempre da integrare con nozioni giuridiche. I risultati presentati in questa tesi sono quindi un primo tentativo empirico di corroborare il modello di competenza traduttiva giuridica sviluppato nell’ambito del progetto QUALETRA a integrazione del modello EMT, nonché di mettere alla prova l’assunto secondo il quale un traduttore giuridico competente sarebbe in primo luogo un traduttore competente (Cao 2007).

The Trials of Legal Translation Competence: Triangulating Processes and Products of Translators vs. Lawyers / Orlando, Daniele. - (2016 Apr 11).

The Trials of Legal Translation Competence: Triangulating Processes and Products of Translators vs. Lawyers

ORLANDO, DANIELE
2016-04-11

Abstract

Over the past few decades, research has yielded valuable models for the conceptualisation of translation competence, both in the academic and professional worlds (e.g. Kelly 2002; PACTE 2003; EMT Expert Group 2009; Göpferich 2009). However, despite the growing consensus on translation competence as a multi-faceted competence comprising several core skills, the different perspectives have resulted in terminological (when not downright conceptual) ambiguity. In the specific case of legal translation, whilst many scholars have tried to outline the profile of the competent legal translator (e.g. Šarčević 1994; Hertog 2001; Prieto Ramos 2011; Piecychna 2013), the scope and extent of the legal knowledge required to ensure quality still remain open questions. With the aim to help filling this gap in both the training and profession of legal translators, this PhD research project tried to investigate legal translation competence with a special focus on the didactic perspective. To this end, an empirical study has been conducted at the University of Trieste which analyses the EN-IT translations of an EU criminal law document produced by translators with different educational backgrounds: a cohort of translation postgraduates with no specialisation in the legal field, on the one hand, and a cohort of linguistically-skilled law graduates with no translation-related qualifications, on the other. More precisely, the study focussed on the problems encountered by participants in their translation processes and the quality issues of their translation products as indicators of declarative and procedural knowledge deficits to be remedied through adequate training. Consequently, the study adopted a twofold approach. Firstly, the participants’ translation process was analysed by triangulating data from different collection methods, i.e. screen and video recording, keystroke logging, and a post-task questionnaire. The variables under investigation include the participants’ delivery time, translation phases, pauses, translation problems, consultations of reference sources and sequences-of-action. Secondly, all process-related data have been mapped onto the quality of the participants’ target texts, which was evaluated through both the analysis of translation errors and the assessment of the translation acceptability. The analysis shed light on the different levels of translation competence displayed by the two groups, with direct implications for the identification of their specific training needs. In particular, the results indicate a more superficial approach for lawyers, who mainly focussed on the micro-textual level, problematised little and produced poor quality translations. By contrast, the findings suggest that the translation-specific training of translators enabled them to reach acceptable quality levels, despite their lack of subject-field specialisation. The identification of a possible correlation between the different backgrounds of the participants and the quality of their translations thus appears to suggest that a translation background is in fact a fundamental component of legal translation competence, to be integrated with the necessary legal (or specific subject field) knowledge. The results led to a first, empirical attempt both at (a) validating the integrative EMT-based model for legal translation competence (Scarpa & Orlando, forthcoming) developed as part of the QUALETRA project, which provided the theoretical foundation to the present study, and (b) grounding the notion that “a competent legal translator is first of all a competent translator” (Cao 2007:39).
11-apr-2016
SCARPA, FEDERICA
28
2014/2015
Settore L-LIN/12 - Lingua e Traduzione - Lingua Inglese
Università degli Studi di Trieste
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908045
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