The evolution of two unconstrained tidal inlets (not fixed), Ancão and S. Andrea Inlets, located in different human-affected multi-tidal inlet systems is considered in this thesis. The focus is on how natural features of tidal inlets can be indirectly conditioned by the presence of man and by the natural events in the system. The aim is to understand the conflicts generated by the unconstrained behaviour of the inlets in relation to human needs and uses. Through an analysis of morphological and hydrodynamic data, some guidelines are proposed in relation to the changes in the inlets and in the system. Ancão Inlet is an artificial inlet, opened (relocated) on the known natural migration path. Once opened, it is allowed to migrate naturally. It is a small eastward-migrating inlet in the mesotidal multi tidal inlets system of Ria Formosa (south of Portugal). The lagoon system has been affected by some strong human interventions that modified the former hydrodynamic condition. The most important changes were due to the opening and stabilization of Faro-Olhão Inlet that caused the narrowing of the nearby Armona inlet. Ancão Inlet, migrating toward the east, the inlet gradually diminishes the connection with the other inlets, becoming more and more independent. The inlet region has been constantly monitored since 1997. Hydro-morphodynamic data were collected during several topo-bathymetric surveys. Morphological parameters and migration rates were subsequently measured and correlated with wave and water level data to evaluate the importance of different mechanisms in the evolutionary phases of the inlet. The migration trend and the variations of the main morphodynamic data seem to be mainly related to the dominant southwest sea conditions, demonstrating the predominance of the wave climate over tidal currents. The unconstrained nature of the inlet allows it to respond to natural forcings by channel migration. This creates some problems in the water circulation in the backbarrier area, as well as hampering navigation. For these reasons, the position of Ancão Inlet is currently controlled by periodic updrift relocation, to maintain navigability and good oxygen and nutrient exchange. Additional management provisions are proposed and discussed. The second study case is the small natural S. Andrea Inlet, located in Italy, in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (MGL, North Adriatic Sea), another multi tidal inlet system This differs from the Ria Formosa system because of the microtidal regime and low wave-dominance, making this lagoon a relatively tide-dominated environment. During the 20th century, land reclamations, waterway dredging and, especially, inlet stabilizations, caused significant changes within the system. These may have been enhanced by natural extreme events. S. Andrea Inlet is located between the two most efficient inlets in the lagoon i.e. Lignano and Buso Inlets, whose artificial stabilization began in the 1960s in order to improve navigability. These factors led to an increase of efficiency of those inlets at the expense of the S. Andrea Inlet. During the last two decades, morphological monitoring data shows a progressive shallowing of the main ebb channel, as well as a halving of the cross section area and, consequently, tidal prism. In contrast, the ebb tidal delta volume, although compressed in its own area, remained surprisingly unchanged. The low wave energy that affects this region is insufficient to rework the delta. Although it does not changed its position, S. Andrea Inlet could potentially suffer the same conflicts as Ancão Inlet: poor water circulation and thus a bad oxygenation of the backbarrier area, and a difficult navigation of the channel. Considering the limited extent of the S. Andrea basin, the issues caused by the atrophy of the inlet are not yet critical, but if the prism reduction continues, some possible management measures must be adopted.

Il focus della tesi l'evoluzione di due bocche lagunari non stabilizzate, le bocche di Ancão e S. Andrea, situate in due diversi sistemi multi-inlet influenzati dall'uomo. Vorremmo analizzare le modalità secondo la quali le caratteristiche naturali delle bocche possono essere indirettamente condizionate dalla presenza dell'uomo e dagli eventi naturali. L'obiettivo è quello di riconoscere i conflitti generati dal comportamento libero (senza restrizioni) dei tidal inlet studiati in relazione alle esigenze e agli usi dell'uomo. Attraverso un'analisi di dati morfologici e idrodinamici, vengono proposte alcune linee guida in relazione ai cambiamenti morfologici delle bocche e del sistema di appartenenza. La bocca di Ancão è un'apertura artificiale, rilocata lungo il suo conosciuto passato percorso migratorio. Una volta aperta, gli è permesso di riprendere naturalmente il suo percorso di migrazione. Si tratta di una piccola bocca, migrante verso est, nel sistema multi-inlet della laguna mesotidale di Ria Formosa (sud del Portogallo). La laguna è stata interessata da alcuni cospicui interventi antropici che hanno modificato l'ex condizione idrodinamica. La bocca di Ancão. Man mano che la migrazione di Ancão procede verso est, la bocca riduce gradualmente la connessione con le altre bocche, diventando più indipendente. L’area di Ancão è costantemente monitorata dal 1997. I dati idro-morfodinamici sono stati raccolti durante diversi rilevamenti topo-batimetrici. I parametri morfologici e i tassi di migrazione sono stati successivamente misurati e correlati con i dati di altezza d'onda e di marea, considerando anche eventuali storm surge, al fine di valutare l'importanza dei diversi meccanismi nelle fasi evolutive della bocca. Il trend di migrazione e le variazioni dei principali dati morfodinamici sembrano essere legati principalmente alle condizioni dominanti del mare da sud-ovest, dimostrando la predominanza del clima d'onda sulle correnti di marea. La natura non vincolata della bocca di Ancão, consente di rispondere alle forze naturali attraverso la migrazione del suo canale principale. Ciò crea problemi nella circolazione dell'acqua nell'area di laguna retrostante oltre a ostacolare la navigazione. Per queste ragioni, la pozione della bocca di Ancão è attualmente controllata e gestita con periodiche rilocazioni updrift, per mantenere la navigabilità, la buona ossigenazione e lo scambio di nutrienti nell’area lagunare. Il secondo caso studio è la bocca naturale di S. Andrea, situata nella Laguna di Marano e Grado (Mare Adriatico, Italia), un altro sistema multiplo. Questo differisce dalla laguna portoghese per il suo regime microtidale e un poco energico clima d’onda. Nel corso del ventesimo secolo, le bonifiche di terreni, il dragaggio dei canali e, soprattutto, le stabilizzazioni di bocche, hanno causato significativi cambiamenti all'interno del sistema. Questi sono poi stati amplificati da estremi eventi naturali. La bocca di S. Andrea si trova tra le due bocche più efficienti della laguna. Gli interventi, artificiali e naturali, hanno portato ad un aumento dell'efficienza di queste bocche a scapito di quella di S. Andrea. Negli ultimi due decenni i dati di monitoraggio mostrano un progressivo insabbiamento del canale principale e una diminuzione della sua sezione trasversale e del prisma di marea. Al contrario, il volume di delta di riflusso rimane sorprendentemente invariato. La bassa energia d’onda che colpisce questa area è insufficiente a rielaborare il delta. Anche se non cambia la sua posizione, la bocca di S. Andrea potrebbe mostrare gli stessi problemi/conflitti della bocca di Ancão (scarsa circolazione, cattiva ossigenazione, difficile navigazione). Per il momento i problemi causati dall'atrofia dell'entrata non hanno ancora raggiunto un livello di criticità, ma se la riduzione del prisma continuasse, in futuro occorrerebbe adottare alcune misure di gestione.

Evolution and stability of tidal inlets: a comparison between two natural cases along human-affected coastlines / Popesso, Chiara. - (2017 Dec 11).

Evolution and stability of tidal inlets: a comparison between two natural cases along human-affected coastlines

POPESSO, CHIARA
2017-12-11

Abstract

The evolution of two unconstrained tidal inlets (not fixed), Ancão and S. Andrea Inlets, located in different human-affected multi-tidal inlet systems is considered in this thesis. The focus is on how natural features of tidal inlets can be indirectly conditioned by the presence of man and by the natural events in the system. The aim is to understand the conflicts generated by the unconstrained behaviour of the inlets in relation to human needs and uses. Through an analysis of morphological and hydrodynamic data, some guidelines are proposed in relation to the changes in the inlets and in the system. Ancão Inlet is an artificial inlet, opened (relocated) on the known natural migration path. Once opened, it is allowed to migrate naturally. It is a small eastward-migrating inlet in the mesotidal multi tidal inlets system of Ria Formosa (south of Portugal). The lagoon system has been affected by some strong human interventions that modified the former hydrodynamic condition. The most important changes were due to the opening and stabilization of Faro-Olhão Inlet that caused the narrowing of the nearby Armona inlet. Ancão Inlet, migrating toward the east, the inlet gradually diminishes the connection with the other inlets, becoming more and more independent. The inlet region has been constantly monitored since 1997. Hydro-morphodynamic data were collected during several topo-bathymetric surveys. Morphological parameters and migration rates were subsequently measured and correlated with wave and water level data to evaluate the importance of different mechanisms in the evolutionary phases of the inlet. The migration trend and the variations of the main morphodynamic data seem to be mainly related to the dominant southwest sea conditions, demonstrating the predominance of the wave climate over tidal currents. The unconstrained nature of the inlet allows it to respond to natural forcings by channel migration. This creates some problems in the water circulation in the backbarrier area, as well as hampering navigation. For these reasons, the position of Ancão Inlet is currently controlled by periodic updrift relocation, to maintain navigability and good oxygen and nutrient exchange. Additional management provisions are proposed and discussed. The second study case is the small natural S. Andrea Inlet, located in Italy, in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (MGL, North Adriatic Sea), another multi tidal inlet system This differs from the Ria Formosa system because of the microtidal regime and low wave-dominance, making this lagoon a relatively tide-dominated environment. During the 20th century, land reclamations, waterway dredging and, especially, inlet stabilizations, caused significant changes within the system. These may have been enhanced by natural extreme events. S. Andrea Inlet is located between the two most efficient inlets in the lagoon i.e. Lignano and Buso Inlets, whose artificial stabilization began in the 1960s in order to improve navigability. These factors led to an increase of efficiency of those inlets at the expense of the S. Andrea Inlet. During the last two decades, morphological monitoring data shows a progressive shallowing of the main ebb channel, as well as a halving of the cross section area and, consequently, tidal prism. In contrast, the ebb tidal delta volume, although compressed in its own area, remained surprisingly unchanged. The low wave energy that affects this region is insufficient to rework the delta. Although it does not changed its position, S. Andrea Inlet could potentially suffer the same conflicts as Ancão Inlet: poor water circulation and thus a bad oxygenation of the backbarrier area, and a difficult navigation of the channel. Considering the limited extent of the S. Andrea basin, the issues caused by the atrophy of the inlet are not yet critical, but if the prism reduction continues, some possible management measures must be adopted.
11-dic-2017
FONTOLAN, GIORGIO
29
2015/2016
Settore GEO/02 - Geologia Stratigrafica e Sedimentologica
Università degli Studi di Trieste
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2913802
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