Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy in cutaneous leishmaniasis on the face

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne intracellular parasitic infection that can present in two major forms, visceral and cutaneous. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is widely distributed, Spain and Croatia being hypoendemic regions. The disease usually presents as an asymptomatic reddish, mostly ulcerated, papule, often located on the face. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Characteristic dermoscopic structures have been identified in CL in several studies. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a technique that allows in vivo visualisation of skin structures at a nearly histological resolution. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of RCM of CL has been published until now.