Reconsidering clinical pharmacology frameworks as a necessary strategy for improving the health care of patients: a systematic review

Clinical pharmacology (CP) is a multidisciplinary scientific field involving all aspects of the relationship between drugs and humans, encompassing professionals with a wide variety of skills including medicine, pharmacology, pharmacy, and biomedical science. The term Bclinical pharmacologist^ is commonly used in the professional sense to refer to medical doctors or PhD-level natural scientists/pharmacists with proven experience in improving patient care by developing new medicines and promoting the safer and more effective use of drugs. Clinical pharmacologists today should have experience even in various phases of drug development in basic and clinical research, regulatory agencies, and/or the pharmaceutical industry.