This research is part of a PhD industrial program that belongs to the IPCOS (Imprinted Polymers as Coffee Sensors)network, which arises from the interest in searching new methodologies for the recognition of some bioactive compounds present in coffee by designing sensing systems based on molecularly imprinted polymers. In this project, all four isomers of p-coumaroylquinic acid were synthesized by a condensation reaction between a suitable protected quinic acid and the acyl chloride obtained from p-coumaric acid. All isomers have been fully characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism in order to set up a record of reference data. The non-commercially available isomers of pCoQAs were used to qualitative identify them in aqueous extracts of walnut leaves, where both hydroxycinnamic and other classes of chlorogenic acids present in (Juglans regia L.) were fully identified and quantified. In particular, in addition to caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and sinapic acids, cis and trans mono-caffeoylquinic, di-caffeoylquinic, mono-feruloylquinic and cis and trans mono-p-coumaroylquinic acid isomers were detected and quantified by UHPLC and the seasonal variations of these secondary metabolites were investigated. Moreover, considering that the determination of CGAs in wild coffee species might provide useful data to establish a taxonomic classification based on the chemical patterns, we report the identification and quantification of main CGAs by UHPLC present in C. arabica and C. canephora from different geographic origins and seven wild species of the Eucoffea section. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared as possible recognition elements for 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Polymers were prepared by the non- covalent approach, evaluating the interactions, mostly hydrogen bonding, between the monomers and the target molecule (5-CQA). Syntheses of all MIPs were carried out by high dilution radical polymerization using different functional monomers. All polymers have been characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Dynamic Laser Light Scattering. The polymers binding capabilities and selectivity were investigated by rebinding tests using an UHPLC method for the quantification of the captured analyte. In order to set up the bases for the development of an optical sensor based on fluorescent properties two different approaches were followed: in the first one, fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (fMIP) were prepared using a well-known naphtalimides derivative as the fluorescent functional monomer and 4-vinylpiridine, while in the second one, the analyte was derivatized with a fluorescent group and a MIP was prepared using a histidine derivative as the monomer. In the latter case a competition for the binding sites in the polymer that allows the displacement of the analyte in the matrix polymer have been observed. While, Interactions of fMIPs with the analyte showed a quenching of the fluorescence intensity in water:DMSO medium in a range of concentration of the analyte between 78 μM and 80mM.
Questa ricerca fa parte di un dottorato industriale appartenente alla rete IPCOS (Imprinted Polymers as Coffee Sensors), che nasce dall'interesse di cercare nuove metodologie per il riconoscimento di alcuni composti bioattivi presenti nel caffè attraverso la progettazione di sensori basati su polimeri con impronta molecolare. In questo progetto tutti e quattro gli isomeri dell'acido p-cumaroilchinico (pCoQA) sono stati sintetizzati mediante reazioni di condensazione tra intermedi dell’acido chinico protetto e il cloruro acilico ottenuto dall'acido p-cumarico. Tutti gli isomeri sono stati completamente caratterizzati mediante spettroscopia NMR e dicroismo circolare al fine di stabilire una serie di dati di riferimento. Questi isomeri non commercialmente disponibili di pCoQA sono stati utilizzati per lo sviluppo di un metodo UHPLC-DAD in Aromalab - illycaffè, che ha permesso di identificarli e quantificarli in estratti acquosi di foglie di noce (Juglans regia L.), assieme ad altre classi di acidi clorogenici (CGAs) e a diversi acidi idrossicinnamici. In particolare, oltre agli acidi caffeico, ferulico, p-cumarico e sinapico, sono stati identificati e quantificati mediante UHPLC anche gli isomeri cis e trans degli acidi mono-caffeoilchinici e mono-p-cumaroilchinici, e gli isomeri trans degli acidi mono-feruloilchinico e di-caffeoilchinico. Sono state studiate inoltre le variazioni stagionali di questi metaboliti secondari al fine di individuarne il periodo di massima produzione. Inoltre, considerando che la determinazione dei CGA nelle specie di caffè selvatico potrebbe fornire dati utili per stabilire una classificazione tassonomica basata sulla composizione chimica, nella seconda parte di questo lavoro, il metodo UHPLC sviluppato è stato usato per l'identificazione e la quantificazione dei principali CGA presenti nelle due specie di caffè più importanti dal punto di vista economico (C. arabica e C. canephora ) di differenti origini geografiche oltre che in sette specie selvatiche della sezione Eucoffea. Nell’ultima parte di questo progetto, nanoparticelle polimeriche ad imprinting molecolare (MIPs) sono state preparate come possibili elementi di riconoscimento dell'acido 5-O-caffeoilchinico (5-CQA). I polimeri sono stati preparati con l'approccio non covalente, valutando le interazioni, per lo più legame idrogeno, tra i monomeri e la molecola templante (5-CQA). A tale scopo, le sintesi di tutti i MIP sono state effettuate mediante polimerizzazione radicalica ad elevata diluizione utilizzando diversi monomeri funzionali. Tutti i polimeri sono stati caratterizzati mediante spettroscopia 1H-NMR, UV-Vis e Dynamic Laser Light Scattering. La capacità di legame dei polimeri e la loro selettività per l’analita specifico sono state studiate mediante test di rebinding utilizzando il metodo UHPLC precedentemente sviluppato. E’ stato inoltre condotto uno studio preliminare per lo sviluppo di un possibile sensore ottico basato su proprietà fluorescenti, utilizzando due diversi approcci: nel primo, polimeri fluorescenti ad imprinting molecolare (fMIP) sono stati preparati utilizzando un noto derivato naftalimmidico come monomero funzionale fluorescente e 4-vinilpiridina, mentre nel secondo, l’acido 5-CQA è stato derivatizzato con un composto fluorescente e un MIP è stato preparato usando un derivato dell’istidina come monomero. In quest'ultimo caso è stato possibile effettuare un test di competizione per i siti di legame nel polimero che consente lo spostamento dell'analita all’interno della matrice polimerica da parte del derivato fluorescente. Le interazioni di fMIP con l'analita hanno mostrato un quenching dell'intensità della fluorescenza in un intervallo di concentrazione dell'analita tra 78 μM e 80 mM in acqua:DMSO.
Acidi p-cumaroilchinici nella produzione di caffè: sistemi di riconoscimento e profili / GUTIERREZ ORTIZ, Anggy Lusanna. - (2018 Sep 21).
Acidi p-cumaroilchinici nella produzione di caffè: sistemi di riconoscimento e profili
GUTIERREZ ORTIZ, Anggy Lusanna
2018-09-21
Abstract
This research is part of a PhD industrial program that belongs to the IPCOS (Imprinted Polymers as Coffee Sensors)network, which arises from the interest in searching new methodologies for the recognition of some bioactive compounds present in coffee by designing sensing systems based on molecularly imprinted polymers. In this project, all four isomers of p-coumaroylquinic acid were synthesized by a condensation reaction between a suitable protected quinic acid and the acyl chloride obtained from p-coumaric acid. All isomers have been fully characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism in order to set up a record of reference data. The non-commercially available isomers of pCoQAs were used to qualitative identify them in aqueous extracts of walnut leaves, where both hydroxycinnamic and other classes of chlorogenic acids present in (Juglans regia L.) were fully identified and quantified. In particular, in addition to caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and sinapic acids, cis and trans mono-caffeoylquinic, di-caffeoylquinic, mono-feruloylquinic and cis and trans mono-p-coumaroylquinic acid isomers were detected and quantified by UHPLC and the seasonal variations of these secondary metabolites were investigated. Moreover, considering that the determination of CGAs in wild coffee species might provide useful data to establish a taxonomic classification based on the chemical patterns, we report the identification and quantification of main CGAs by UHPLC present in C. arabica and C. canephora from different geographic origins and seven wild species of the Eucoffea section. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared as possible recognition elements for 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid. Polymers were prepared by the non- covalent approach, evaluating the interactions, mostly hydrogen bonding, between the monomers and the target molecule (5-CQA). Syntheses of all MIPs were carried out by high dilution radical polymerization using different functional monomers. All polymers have been characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Dynamic Laser Light Scattering. The polymers binding capabilities and selectivity were investigated by rebinding tests using an UHPLC method for the quantification of the captured analyte. In order to set up the bases for the development of an optical sensor based on fluorescent properties two different approaches were followed: in the first one, fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (fMIP) were prepared using a well-known naphtalimides derivative as the fluorescent functional monomer and 4-vinylpiridine, while in the second one, the analyte was derivatized with a fluorescent group and a MIP was prepared using a histidine derivative as the monomer. In the latter case a competition for the binding sites in the polymer that allows the displacement of the analyte in the matrix polymer have been observed. While, Interactions of fMIPs with the analyte showed a quenching of the fluorescence intensity in water:DMSO medium in a range of concentration of the analyte between 78 μM and 80mM.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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