Through the study of trial, legislative, family and notarial sources, diaries, and pardon requests, this thesis aims at restoring the truthfulness of a problem so far neglected by historical research, i.e. the use of vengeance by the Venetian ruling class. The period investigated is the sixteenth century, from the beginning until the years of the Council of Ten ‘reform’. This is the starting point for a research whose purpose is highlighting the close interrelationships between the realm of justice and noble violence. In particular, it wishes to prove how the changes that took place in the Venetian criminal justice’s framework influenced the management of enmities between patrician families. These transformations were triggered by a political crisis and they developed in the setting of an unwritten constitution, which was more open to fluctuations of power. Likewise, some political and judicial decisions put in place by the Republic will be reconnected to some unprecedented displays of noble feud in the lagoon. The thesis puts at its centre the relations between the rituality adopted by the courts and those shaping violent rivalries between noble families and groups. The object is tracing the complex path resulting from the overlap of justice and conflict. We will show how trial procedures; the political and judicial guidelines; the assignment of particular jurisdiction; and the resolve to ease or complicate the requirements for being pardoned, are intimately connected to how enmities were managed by the families; the shape, timing, and place of violence; the seriousness of quarrels, in particular those inside the family; and whether peace was achieved or not. The moments of political and military crisis had a clear role in modifying the interactions between these two spheres, as it will be explained in relation to the pardon system. Another fundamental element of connection is banishment, which was a penalty meant to promote the re-establishment of peace, shattered by the violence, between families. But during the sixteenth century, banishment is slowly replaced by more repressive sentences, as confinement, which had a punitive purpose. The thesis is made of five chapters. The first summarizes the constitutional, juridical and judicial framework, and outlines the changes that took place in late medieval and renaissance Venice. The second chapter focuses on banishment, by examining the politics adopted by the Venetian ruling class between the late 13th and late 16th century. It also emphasizes the relationships between boundaries, jurisdictional aspects, and banditry. The third chapter explores the trial procedures of the most important Venetian courts and it concentrates on the overlap of judicial and extrajudicial practices by investigating pardon requests and the reward system established in the sixteenth century to reduce banditry. The fourth chapter examines the several instances of conflicts between patrician families and groups in the first forty years of the 16th century, whereas the fifth chapter focuses on the following forty years. The conclusions outlines a summary of the main results achieved and, besides, they offer further reflections by reconsidering the data collected. They investigate the relationships between violence and environment; the political languages employed to describe the protagonists of enmities; the possible identification of the quarrelling groups as factions; and to what measure the Venetian case adhered to the Italian context.

Attraverso lo studio di fonti processuale, legislative, familiari e notarili, diari e suppliche, la presente tesi di ricerca intende, in primo luogo, restituire la storicità di un fenomeno negato dalla storiografia: l’esistenza della pratica della vendetta all’interno del ceto dirigente veneziano. L’ambito cronologico preso in esame è il Cinquecento, dai primi anni fino alla ‘Correzione’ del Consiglio dei Dieci. Ciò rappresenta il punto di partenza per una più complessiva ricerca che punta ad evidenziare le strette interrelazioni tra il campo della giustizia e quello della violenza nobiliare. In particolare, la tesi di ricerca si propone di dimostrare come le trasformazioni avvenute in seno al panorama della giustizia criminale veneziana, innescate da crisi politiche e maturate all’interno di un regime costituzionale non scritto, abbiano influenzato le modalità di gestione delle inimicizie tra famiglie patrizie. Analogamente, si ricondurranno alcune scelte politiche-giudiziarie messe in atto dalla Repubblica ad alcune specifiche manifestazioni – inedite fino a quel momento – della conflittualità nobiliare nella laguna. I rapporti tra le ritualità adottate dai diversi tribunali e quelle che caratterizzarono le rivalità, anche violente, tra famiglie e gruppi nobiliari sono al centro di questa tesi. L’obbiettivo è ricostruire un percorso che evidenzi come le procedure processuali, gli indirizzi politici-giudiziari, l’attribuzione di prerogative giurisdizionali e la decisione di favorire o inasprire le condizioni per ottenere l’annullamento della sentenza condannatoria siano intimamente connesse con le modalità di conduzione del conflitto, le forme, i tempi ed i luoghi della violenza, la gravità delle discordie, soprattutto se dividevano membri dello stesso gruppo familiare e l’avere conseguito o no la pace con gli offesi. I momenti di crisi politica e militare ebbero una chiara incidenza nel modificare i rapporti tra queste due sfere, come si è evidenzierà soprattutto in merito alla via supplicationis. Un altro fondamentale aspetto di raccordo è la pena del bando, finalizzata a permettere la ricomposizione degli equilibri rotti dalla violenza, ma che nel corso del Cinquecento verrà sostituita da forme più repressive, come la relegazione, ed usata con scopi diversi. La tesi si compone di cinque capitoli. Il primo presenta l’impalcatura costituzionale, giuridica e giudiziaria veneziana, tracciando le trasformazioni avvenute nei secoli precedenti e nel corso del Cinquecento. Il secondo capitolo si focalizza sulla pena del bando, delineando gli orientamenti politici e giudiziari adottati dal ceto dirigente veneziano tra fine Duecento e fine Cinquecento e sottolineando i rapporti tra confini, assetti giurisdizionali e banditismo. Il terzo capitolo entra in profondità nelle dinamiche processuali dei principali tribunali veneziani e, al tempo stesso, pone enfasi sull’incontro tra le pratiche giudiziarie e quelle extra-giudiziarie attraverso le suppliche e la legislazione premiale, attivata dal ceto dirigente nel corso del Cinquecento per contrastare il banditismo, che si pose come alternativa alla via supplicationis. Il quarto capitolo esamina da vicino gli episodi di conflitto tra famiglie e gruppi patrizi nei primi quarant’anni del XVI secolo, mentre il quinto capitolo indaga i quarant’anni successivi. Le conclusioni, oltre a riassumere i principali risultati raggiunti, offrono delle ulteriori riflessioni, possibili solo dopo aver acquisito un quadro generale della violenza nobiliare. In particolare, si avanzeranno delle considerazioni sul rapporto tra esplosione del conflitto e ambiente, sui linguaggi politici impiegati per descrivere i partecipanti del conflitto, sull'identificazione dei gruppi che si contrapposero come fazioni e, infine, si stabilirà l'aderenza delle dinamiche veneziane a quelle italiane.

I rituali della giustizia e del conflitto in un sistema repubblicano: il patriziato veneziano nel Cinquecento / Vidali, Andrew. - (2020 Mar 13).

I rituali della giustizia e del conflitto in un sistema repubblicano: il patriziato veneziano nel Cinquecento

VIDALI, ANDREW
2020-03-13

Abstract

Through the study of trial, legislative, family and notarial sources, diaries, and pardon requests, this thesis aims at restoring the truthfulness of a problem so far neglected by historical research, i.e. the use of vengeance by the Venetian ruling class. The period investigated is the sixteenth century, from the beginning until the years of the Council of Ten ‘reform’. This is the starting point for a research whose purpose is highlighting the close interrelationships between the realm of justice and noble violence. In particular, it wishes to prove how the changes that took place in the Venetian criminal justice’s framework influenced the management of enmities between patrician families. These transformations were triggered by a political crisis and they developed in the setting of an unwritten constitution, which was more open to fluctuations of power. Likewise, some political and judicial decisions put in place by the Republic will be reconnected to some unprecedented displays of noble feud in the lagoon. The thesis puts at its centre the relations between the rituality adopted by the courts and those shaping violent rivalries between noble families and groups. The object is tracing the complex path resulting from the overlap of justice and conflict. We will show how trial procedures; the political and judicial guidelines; the assignment of particular jurisdiction; and the resolve to ease or complicate the requirements for being pardoned, are intimately connected to how enmities were managed by the families; the shape, timing, and place of violence; the seriousness of quarrels, in particular those inside the family; and whether peace was achieved or not. The moments of political and military crisis had a clear role in modifying the interactions between these two spheres, as it will be explained in relation to the pardon system. Another fundamental element of connection is banishment, which was a penalty meant to promote the re-establishment of peace, shattered by the violence, between families. But during the sixteenth century, banishment is slowly replaced by more repressive sentences, as confinement, which had a punitive purpose. The thesis is made of five chapters. The first summarizes the constitutional, juridical and judicial framework, and outlines the changes that took place in late medieval and renaissance Venice. The second chapter focuses on banishment, by examining the politics adopted by the Venetian ruling class between the late 13th and late 16th century. It also emphasizes the relationships between boundaries, jurisdictional aspects, and banditry. The third chapter explores the trial procedures of the most important Venetian courts and it concentrates on the overlap of judicial and extrajudicial practices by investigating pardon requests and the reward system established in the sixteenth century to reduce banditry. The fourth chapter examines the several instances of conflicts between patrician families and groups in the first forty years of the 16th century, whereas the fifth chapter focuses on the following forty years. The conclusions outlines a summary of the main results achieved and, besides, they offer further reflections by reconsidering the data collected. They investigate the relationships between violence and environment; the political languages employed to describe the protagonists of enmities; the possible identification of the quarrelling groups as factions; and to what measure the Venetian case adhered to the Italian context.
13-mar-2020
TREBBI, GIUSEPPE
32
2018/2019
Settore M-STO/02 - Storia Moderna
Università degli Studi di Trieste
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2961238
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