Food liking is influenced by a large number of factors including physiological, nutritional, environmental, socio-cultural and genetics. From previous studies emerged that survey-reported food liking may reflect habitual consumption, being simpler to draw compared to intake, and may be associated with risk factors for diet-related diseases. Obtaining a better knowledge of genetic and non-genetic effects on food liking and the implication of food liking on diet-related diseases, for example obesity or hypertension, is of considerable public health importance. This work aims to study the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing food liking and to investigate the relationship between food liking and health status. The study was carried out thanks to the availability of an extensive database of about 3000 individuals coming from three regions of Italy. Liking for approximately 100 different foods and beverages were evaluated on a 9-point hedonic scale. Food liking were analysed in relationship with personal and lifestyle information, clinical parameters, eating behaviour phenotypes, sensory and genetic data. The following results were achieved: - food liking was associated with non-genetic factors, comprising gender, age, educational level, physical activity and eating behaviour. For example, men, compared to women, reported a significantly higher liking for alcoholic beverages, fish and meat and a lower liking for vegetables, fruit and sweet foods; moreover, a higher liking for all foods was associated with higher self-reported willingness to try unfamiliar foods (food adventurousness): - in a complex interplay with age, sex and educational level, sensory deficits were a risk factor for a decreasing of liking for vegetables and a reduced food adventurousness; - a new candidate gene (CAV1) for eating disinhibition and food liking was found, through Genome-Wide Association study and replication analysis. This gene, although not associated in our sample with obesity measures, has been largely investigated for metabolic disorders, and animal models confirmed a link with obesity; - food liking measures were associated with adiposity, serum lipids, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure. For instance, greater adiposity was associated with a higher liking for meat and cheeses, while higher HDL-cholesterol was associated with higher vegetables liking; - through polygenic risk score analysis, a link was found between obesity measures and genetic score obtained using variants previously associated with liking for different vegetables. In conclusion, these results highlight the importance to evaluate food liking in combination with other factors and suggest the possible use of food liking in nutritional studies as proxy of intake measures. Overall, these results represent a starting point to better understand the very complex interplay existing between food liking, associated factors and diet-related phenotypes.

Le preferenze alimentari sono influenzate da un gran numero di variabili come: fattori fisiologici, nutrizionali, ambientali, socio-culturali e genetici. Studi precedenti mostrano che le preferenze alimentari ottenute tramite questionari, sono più semplici da rilevare rispetto ai consumi; inoltre possono rispecchiare i consumi abituali e sono associate a fattori di rischio per malattie legate alla dieta. Il conseguimento di una migliore conoscenza dei fattori che influenzano le preferenze alimentari e delle implicazioni delle stesse sulle patologie legate all'alimentazione, come per esempio obesità e ipertensione, è di notevole importanza per la salute pubblica. Questo lavoro ha lo scopo di studiare i fattori genetici e non genetici che influenzano le preferenze alimentari e di indagare le relazioni tra preferenze alimentari e stato di salute. Lo studio è stato condotto grazie alla disponibilità di un vasto database con informazioni su circa 3000 persone provenienti da tre regioni d'Italia. Le preferenze alimentari sono state ottenute tramite la somministrazione di un questionario e valutate in una scala edonica a nove punti per circa un centinaio di cibi e bevande diverse. Informazioni personali e sullo stile di vita, parametri clinici, fenotipi sul comportamento alimentare, dati sensoriali e genetici sono stati valutati in relazione alle preferenze. Sono stati raggiunti i seguenti risultati: − le preferenze alimentari sono associate a diversi fattori non genetici, quali sesso, età, livello di istruzione, attività fisica e tratti del comportamento alimentare. Ad esempio, gli uomini, rispetto alle donne, hanno riportato una preferenza significativamente più elevata per bevande alcoliche, pesce e carne e una preferenza meno elevata per verdure, frutta e cibi dolci; sempre a titolo di esempio, una più alta preferenza per tutti gli alimenti è stata associata a una maggiore volontà di provare cibi non familiari; − in una complessa interazione con età, sesso e livello di educazione, i deficit sensoriali sono risultati fattore di rischio per una diminuzione della preferenza per le verdure e per la disposizione a provare cibi non familiari; − attraverso uno studio di associazione su tutto il genoma, un nuovo gene candidato (CAV1) è stato trovato associato alla disinibizione alimentare e alle preferenze. Questo gene, sebbene nel nostro campione non sia associato a misure di obesità, è stato ampiamente studiato riguardo a disordini metabolici, e, tramite modelli animali, è stato evidenziato un legame con l'obesità; − sono state trovate relazioni tra preferenze alimentari ed adiposità, lipidi, glucosio e pressione arteriosa sistolica. Per esempio, una maggiore adiposità è associata a una maggiore preferenza per carne e formaggi, mentre valori più alti di colesterolo HDL sono associati a una maggiore preferenza per le verdure; − mediante l’analisi del “polygenic risk score”, è stato trovato un legame tra alcune misure di obesità e uno score ottenuto da varianti genetiche già riscontrate in associazione con la preferenza per diverse verdure. In conclusione, questi risultati evidenziano l’importanza di valutare le preferenze alimentari in combinazione con altri fattori e suggeriscono il possibile utilizzo delle preferenze in studi nutrizionali come misure rappresentative dei consumi. Nel complesso, questi risultati rappresentano un punto di inizio per una migliore conoscenza e comprensione dei complessi meccanismi che intercorrono tra preferenze alimentari, fattori associati e fenotipi legati alla dieta.

STUDY OF FOOD LIKINGS: GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC INFLUENCES AND RELATIONSHIP WITH HEALTH / Concas, MARIA PINA. - (2020 Mar 20).

STUDY OF FOOD LIKINGS: GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC INFLUENCES AND RELATIONSHIP WITH HEALTH

CONCAS, MARIA PINA
2020-03-20

Abstract

Food liking is influenced by a large number of factors including physiological, nutritional, environmental, socio-cultural and genetics. From previous studies emerged that survey-reported food liking may reflect habitual consumption, being simpler to draw compared to intake, and may be associated with risk factors for diet-related diseases. Obtaining a better knowledge of genetic and non-genetic effects on food liking and the implication of food liking on diet-related diseases, for example obesity or hypertension, is of considerable public health importance. This work aims to study the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing food liking and to investigate the relationship between food liking and health status. The study was carried out thanks to the availability of an extensive database of about 3000 individuals coming from three regions of Italy. Liking for approximately 100 different foods and beverages were evaluated on a 9-point hedonic scale. Food liking were analysed in relationship with personal and lifestyle information, clinical parameters, eating behaviour phenotypes, sensory and genetic data. The following results were achieved: - food liking was associated with non-genetic factors, comprising gender, age, educational level, physical activity and eating behaviour. For example, men, compared to women, reported a significantly higher liking for alcoholic beverages, fish and meat and a lower liking for vegetables, fruit and sweet foods; moreover, a higher liking for all foods was associated with higher self-reported willingness to try unfamiliar foods (food adventurousness): - in a complex interplay with age, sex and educational level, sensory deficits were a risk factor for a decreasing of liking for vegetables and a reduced food adventurousness; - a new candidate gene (CAV1) for eating disinhibition and food liking was found, through Genome-Wide Association study and replication analysis. This gene, although not associated in our sample with obesity measures, has been largely investigated for metabolic disorders, and animal models confirmed a link with obesity; - food liking measures were associated with adiposity, serum lipids, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure. For instance, greater adiposity was associated with a higher liking for meat and cheeses, while higher HDL-cholesterol was associated with higher vegetables liking; - through polygenic risk score analysis, a link was found between obesity measures and genetic score obtained using variants previously associated with liking for different vegetables. In conclusion, these results highlight the importance to evaluate food liking in combination with other factors and suggest the possible use of food liking in nutritional studies as proxy of intake measures. Overall, these results represent a starting point to better understand the very complex interplay existing between food liking, associated factors and diet-related phenotypes.
20-mar-2020
GASPARINI, PAOLO
32
2018/2019
Settore MED/03 - Genetica Medica
Università degli Studi di Trieste
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/2961246
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