TThe development of new hybrid organic-inorganic nanosystems is a cutting-edge field of research specifically for high potential biomedical applications. Specifically, the interaction between the organic ligands and the inorganic nanoparticles need to be specifically investigated and tailored in order to achieve stability and to impart specific properties to the nano-assemblies. ZrNPs are subjected to extensive study and functionalization to modify the surface properties of these materials. The surface chemistry on zirconia is not comparable to that of silica in particular due to the decreased chemical stability of the silane bond from Zr–O–Si–R with respect to Si–O–Si–R. It is worth to notice that the use of silane derivatives implies a condensation reaction with often release of alcohol or halides as by products. It is well known that zirconia, thanks to its surface structure, can efficiently interact with phosphate and phosphonate-based ligands, as evidenced also by the application of zirconia to remove phosphates from water. We considered the reaction of vinylidenebisphosphonate ester with nucleophiles through Michael or hetero-Michael as a versatile reaction enabling the preparation from a common scaffold of a wide range of possible BPs products starting from diethyl phosphite via formation of methylenebisphosphonate ester. In the present contribution we introduce a versatile approach for the modification of the surface properties of ZrNPs and to some extent also other metal oxide NPs, based on the employment of a family of BPs as derivatizing species. The functionalization was obtained by simple mixing in aqueous solution the zirconia with the desired BPs under buffered conditions leading to a wide range of surface modified NPs with enhanced colloidal stability due to the presence of negative charges on the surface over a wide range of pH, as demonstrated by ζ-potential measurements. The modified nanoparticles were characterized by IR, TGA, XPS to investigate the grafting density and the loading of the bisphosphonic acid, TEM and SEM to investigate the size and morphologies of the nanoparticles and 31P and 1H Solid State NMR to investigate the coordination motif of the phosphonate units on the surface. All these analytical techniques demonstrated the strong affinity of the bisphosphonic moiety for the Zr(IV) metal centers. The bisphosphonic acid showed also efficient binding to other metal oxide nanoparticles such as Bi2O3, while interaction with SiO2 nanoparticles was too weak due to the non-metallic character of the Si centers. The functionalization of metal oxide nanoparticles with bisphosphonic acids represents a straightforward covalent approach for derivatization that is complementary to the typical tris-alkoxy-silane or trichloro-silane reagents largely employed for the functionalization of silica and metal oxide nanoparticles.
Lo sviluppo di nuovi nanosistemi ibridi organico-inorganici è un campo di ricerca all'avanguardia specifico per le applicazioni biomediche ad alto potenziale. In particolare, l'interazione tra i ligandi organici e le nanoparticelle inorganiche deve essere studiata e adattata in modo specifico al fine di ottenere stabilità e conferire proprietà specifiche ai nano-assiemi. Gli ZrNP sono sottoposti a approfonditi studi e funzionalizzazione per modificare le proprietà superficiali di questi materiali. La chimica superficiale della zirconia non è paragonabile a quella della silice, in particolare a causa della ridotta stabilità chimica del legame silanico da Zr – O – Si – R rispetto a Si – O – Si – R. Vale la pena notare che l'uso di derivati del silano implica una reazione di condensazione con rilascio spesso di alcool o alogenuri come da prodotti. È noto che la zirconia, grazie alla sua struttura superficiale, può interagire efficacemente con ligandi a base di fosfato e fosfonato, come evidenziato anche dall'applicazione della zirconia per rimuovere i fosfati dall'acqua. Abbiamo considerato la reazione dell'estere vinilidenebisfosfonato con nucleofili attraverso Michael o etero-Michael come una reazione versatile che consente la preparazione da un comune scaffold di una vasta gamma di possibili prodotti BP a partire dal dietilfosfito attraverso la formazione di estere metilenbisfosfonato. Nel presente contributo introduciamo un approccio versatile per la modifica delle proprietà superficiali degli ZrNP e, in una certa misura, anche di altri NP di ossido di metallo, basato sull'impiego di una famiglia di BP come specie derivate. La funzionalizzazione è stata ottenuta miscelando semplicemente in soluzione acquosa la zirconia con i BP desiderati in condizioni tampone portando ad una vasta gamma di NP modificate in superficie con maggiore stabilità colloidale a causa della presenza di cariche negative sulla superficie su una vasta gamma di pH, come dimostrato da misurazioni ζ-potenziali. Le nanoparticelle modificate sono state caratterizzate da IR, TGA, XPS per studiare la densità dell'innesto e il carico dell'acido bifosfonico, TEM e SEM per studiare le dimensioni e le morfologie delle nanoparticelle e NMR a stato solido 31P e 1H per studiare il motivo di coordinazione del unità di fosfonati sulla superficie. Tutte queste tecniche analitiche hanno dimostrato la forte affinità della porzione bifosfonica per i centri metallici Zr (IV). L'acido bifosfonico ha mostrato anche un legame efficace con altre nanoparticelle di ossido di metallo come Bi2O3, mentre l'interazione con le nanoparticelle di SiO2 era troppo debole a causa del carattere non metallico dei centri Si. La funzionalizzazione delle nanoparticelle di ossido di metallo con acidi bifosfonici rappresenta un approccio covalente semplice per la derivatizzazione che è complementare ai tipici reagenti tris-alcossi-silano o tricloro-silano ampiamente impiegati per la funzionalizzazione di silice e nanoparticelle di ossido di metallo
Derivatization of Metal Oxide with Bis-phosphonic Acids: A Straightforward Approach for Tailoring the Superficial Properties of the Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Purposes / Hossain, Khohinur. - (2020 Mar 10).
Derivatization of Metal Oxide with Bis-phosphonic Acids: A Straightforward Approach for Tailoring the Superficial Properties of the Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Purposes
HOSSAIN, KHOHINUR
2020-03-10
Abstract
TThe development of new hybrid organic-inorganic nanosystems is a cutting-edge field of research specifically for high potential biomedical applications. Specifically, the interaction between the organic ligands and the inorganic nanoparticles need to be specifically investigated and tailored in order to achieve stability and to impart specific properties to the nano-assemblies. ZrNPs are subjected to extensive study and functionalization to modify the surface properties of these materials. The surface chemistry on zirconia is not comparable to that of silica in particular due to the decreased chemical stability of the silane bond from Zr–O–Si–R with respect to Si–O–Si–R. It is worth to notice that the use of silane derivatives implies a condensation reaction with often release of alcohol or halides as by products. It is well known that zirconia, thanks to its surface structure, can efficiently interact with phosphate and phosphonate-based ligands, as evidenced also by the application of zirconia to remove phosphates from water. We considered the reaction of vinylidenebisphosphonate ester with nucleophiles through Michael or hetero-Michael as a versatile reaction enabling the preparation from a common scaffold of a wide range of possible BPs products starting from diethyl phosphite via formation of methylenebisphosphonate ester. In the present contribution we introduce a versatile approach for the modification of the surface properties of ZrNPs and to some extent also other metal oxide NPs, based on the employment of a family of BPs as derivatizing species. The functionalization was obtained by simple mixing in aqueous solution the zirconia with the desired BPs under buffered conditions leading to a wide range of surface modified NPs with enhanced colloidal stability due to the presence of negative charges on the surface over a wide range of pH, as demonstrated by ζ-potential measurements. The modified nanoparticles were characterized by IR, TGA, XPS to investigate the grafting density and the loading of the bisphosphonic acid, TEM and SEM to investigate the size and morphologies of the nanoparticles and 31P and 1H Solid State NMR to investigate the coordination motif of the phosphonate units on the surface. All these analytical techniques demonstrated the strong affinity of the bisphosphonic moiety for the Zr(IV) metal centers. The bisphosphonic acid showed also efficient binding to other metal oxide nanoparticles such as Bi2O3, while interaction with SiO2 nanoparticles was too weak due to the non-metallic character of the Si centers. The functionalization of metal oxide nanoparticles with bisphosphonic acids represents a straightforward covalent approach for derivatization that is complementary to the typical tris-alkoxy-silane or trichloro-silane reagents largely employed for the functionalization of silica and metal oxide nanoparticles.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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