B-cell malignancies are a heterogeneous group of diseases, for whom treatment options include chemotherapeutics and immunotherapy. Despite the recent development of new therapeutic strategies, most patients develop resistance or do not respond to therapies. The aim of this PhD project was the preclinical development of a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of pediatric B-cell malignancies. Firstly, chitosan-nanobubbles (NBs) loaded with AntagomiR-17 and joined with an anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) were characterized. AntagomiR-17 is capable of pairing and defeating miRNA-17, which is a molecule upregulated in several B-cells malignancies, including BL, and it is associated with the development of drug resistance mechanisms. Rituximab was employed to specifically target NBs to B-cells expressing the antigen CD20 in vivo. Chitosan-NBs result effective in vitro and in vivo in the reduction of the tumor burden in BL-tumor-bearing mice, however, their positive charge demonstrated some limitation in the biodistribution. Moreover, the targeting mechanism chosen does not cover other pediatric pathologies, such as ALL that originates from blasts that do not already possess the CD20 antigen on their surface. To overcome these limitations PLGA-PVA Nanoparticles (NPs) were produced and characterized. In primis, these NPs were compared to their counterparts coated with HSA, which was added to conceal NPs from the IS. Once demonstrated the efficacy of the coating in vitro and in vivo in healthy zebrafish, the targeting mechanism anti- CD19 was produced. The efficacy of the targeting mechanism was tested in vitro and, once the tumor-bearing zebrafish model was set, also in vivo. Finally, different drugs were tested on B-cells and the doxorubicin was chosen as a candidate to fill PLGA-PVA NPs. Drug-loaded NPs were tested again in vitro and in vivo in a diffused zebrafish model of ALL, significantly reducing the tumor growth and parallelly augmenting the survival of treated animals. All these results together, already highlighted that PLGA-PVA NPs targeted with anti- CD19 antibodies and filled with doxorubicin represent a promising approach for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but also for other pathologies. In fact, these nanostructures can be imagined as a nano-platform in which the single components, such as the payload or the targeting mechanism, can be replaced to achieve different goals.

I tumori delle cellule B sono un gruppo eterogeneo di patologie per le quali le opzioni terapeutiche includono chemioterapia e immunoterapia. Nonostante il recente sviluppo di nuove strategie terapeutiche, la maggior parte dei pazienti, tuttavia, sviluppa resistenze o non risponde alle terapie. L'obiettivo di questo progetto di dottorato è, pertanto, lo sviluppo preclinico di un nuovo strumento terapeutico per il trattamento delle neoplasie pediatriche a cellule B. In primo luogo sono state caratterizzate le nanobolle di chitosano (NBs) caricate con AntagomiR-17, sui è stato legato un anticorpo anti-CD20 (rituximab). AntagomiR-17 è in grado di legarsi e sconfiggere il miRNA-17, che è una molecola iperespressa in diverse neoplasie delle cellule B, incluso BL, ed è associata allo sviluppo di meccanismi di resistenza ai farmaci. Rituximab è stato impiegato per indirizzare specificamente le NB alle cellule B che esprimono l'antigene CD20 in vivo. Le NB in chitosano risultano efficaci in vitro e in vivo nella riduzione del tumore nei topi portatori di tumore BL ma, la loro carica positiva ha dimostrato alcune limitazioni nella biodistribuzione. Inoltre, il meccanismo di targeting scelto non copre altre patologie pediatriche, come l’ALL che origina da blasti che non possiedono già l'antigene CD20 sulla loro superficie. Per superare queste limitazioni sono state prodotte e caratterizzate nanoparticelle (NPs) PLGA-PVA. In primis, queste NP sono state confrontate con le loro controparti rivestite con HSA, aggiunta per nascondere le NP dall'IS. Una volta dimostrata l'efficacia del rivestimento in vitro e in vivo in uno zebrafish sano, è stato prodotto il meccanismo di targeting anti-CD19. L'efficacia del meccanismo di targeting è stata testata in vitro e, una volta impostato il modello di zebrafish portatore di tumore, anche in vivo. Infine, diversi farmaci sono stati testati sui linfociti B e la doxorubicina è stata scelta come candidata per riempire le NP PLGA-PVA. Le NP caricate con il farmaco sono state nuovamente testate in vitro e in vivo in un modello diffuso di ALL in zebrafish, dimostrando di ridurre significativamente la crescita del tumore e aumentando parallelamente la sopravvivenza degli animali trattati. Tutti questi risultati insieme, evidenziano che le NP PLGA-PVA mirate con anticorpi anti-CD19 e riempite con doxorubicina rappresentano un approccio promettente per il trattamento dei tumori delle cellule B, ma anche per altre patologie. Queste nanostrutture, infatti, possono essere immaginate come una nano-piattaforma in cui i singoli componenti, come il farmaco o il meccanismo di targeting, possono essere sostituiti per raggiungere diversi obiettivi.

Preclinical development of targeted-nanoparticles for the treatment of pediatric B-cell malignancies Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Burkitt Lymphoma / Bozzer, Sara. - (2022 Oct 07).

Preclinical development of targeted-nanoparticles for the treatment of pediatric B-cell malignancies Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Burkitt Lymphoma

BOZZER, SARA
2022-10-07

Abstract

B-cell malignancies are a heterogeneous group of diseases, for whom treatment options include chemotherapeutics and immunotherapy. Despite the recent development of new therapeutic strategies, most patients develop resistance or do not respond to therapies. The aim of this PhD project was the preclinical development of a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of pediatric B-cell malignancies. Firstly, chitosan-nanobubbles (NBs) loaded with AntagomiR-17 and joined with an anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) were characterized. AntagomiR-17 is capable of pairing and defeating miRNA-17, which is a molecule upregulated in several B-cells malignancies, including BL, and it is associated with the development of drug resistance mechanisms. Rituximab was employed to specifically target NBs to B-cells expressing the antigen CD20 in vivo. Chitosan-NBs result effective in vitro and in vivo in the reduction of the tumor burden in BL-tumor-bearing mice, however, their positive charge demonstrated some limitation in the biodistribution. Moreover, the targeting mechanism chosen does not cover other pediatric pathologies, such as ALL that originates from blasts that do not already possess the CD20 antigen on their surface. To overcome these limitations PLGA-PVA Nanoparticles (NPs) were produced and characterized. In primis, these NPs were compared to their counterparts coated with HSA, which was added to conceal NPs from the IS. Once demonstrated the efficacy of the coating in vitro and in vivo in healthy zebrafish, the targeting mechanism anti- CD19 was produced. The efficacy of the targeting mechanism was tested in vitro and, once the tumor-bearing zebrafish model was set, also in vivo. Finally, different drugs were tested on B-cells and the doxorubicin was chosen as a candidate to fill PLGA-PVA NPs. Drug-loaded NPs were tested again in vitro and in vivo in a diffused zebrafish model of ALL, significantly reducing the tumor growth and parallelly augmenting the survival of treated animals. All these results together, already highlighted that PLGA-PVA NPs targeted with anti- CD19 antibodies and filled with doxorubicin represent a promising approach for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but also for other pathologies. In fact, these nanostructures can be imagined as a nano-platform in which the single components, such as the payload or the targeting mechanism, can be replaced to achieve different goals.
7-ott-2022
MACOR, PAOLO
34
2020/2021
Settore MED/04 - Patologia Generale
Università degli Studi di Trieste
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
TESI_final_Bozzer.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: Preclinical development of targeted-nanoparticles for the treatment of pediatric B-cell malignancies - Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Burkitt Lymphoma
Tipologia: Tesi di dottorato
Dimensione 2.49 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
2.49 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11368/3030999
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact