How Could Medical and Surgical Treatment Affect the Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients? A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: To evaluate and compare the visual function and the quality of life (QoL) in glaucomatous patients treated with topical medical therapy (TMT) alone, canaloplasty (CP), or trabeculectomy (TB). Methods: A total of 291 eyes of 167 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or secondary pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in TMT or surgically treated with CP or TB were included. Eligibility criteria for surgical patients included not needing TMT after surgery. Each patient underwent a visual field assessment and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) optical coherence tomography and filled out the Glaucoma Symptoms Scale (GSS) questionnaire and the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (25-NEI-VFQ). Comparison between the QoL level of the three groups and its correlation with optic nerve's anatomical and functional status was the primary outcome. Results: CP patients reported the best general vision (p = 0.01), a lower incidence of eye burning (p = 0.03), and the lowest annoyance level of non-visual symptoms (p = 0.006). QoL positively correlated with pRNFL thickness, whereas no correlation was found with visual field damage. Conclusion: CP provides a better QoL when compared both to TB and TMT, regardless of glaucoma stage. pRNFL seems to provide additional information for predicting change in QoL.