Properties and Curing Kinetics of a Processable Binary Benzoxazine Blend

A benzoxazine system is presented combining liquid cardanol-based benzoxazine (CA-a) and an effective initiator (3,3 '-thiodipropionic acid, TDA) to bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BA-a). The resultant mixture of monomeric precursors shows excellent fluidity and a relatively low peak polymerization temperature of around 200 degrees C. Moreover, the cured polybenzoxazine displays a high thermal decomposition temperature (T-d,T-5% > 330 degrees C), a moderately high glass transition temperature (similar to 148 degrees C), and robust mechanical strength (storage modulus similar to 2.8 GPa) comparable to those of the polybenzoxazine homopolymer obtained by curing BA-a. A comprehensive investigation into the microstructure and curing kinetics has also been conducted on the system, offering an extensive background for future studies.