Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb plus Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

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doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.052001

This Letter describes the observation of the light-by-light scattering process, gamma gamma -> gamma gamma, in Pb + Pb collisions at root S-NN = 5.02 TeV. The analysis is conducted using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.73 nb(-1), collected in November 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Light-by-light scattering candidates are selected in events with two photons produced exclusively, each with transverse energy E-T(gamma) > 3 GeV and pseudorapidity vertical bar eta(gamma)vertical bar < 2.4, diphoton invariant mass above 6 GeV, and small diphoton transverse momentum and acoplanarity. After applying all selection criteria, 59 candidate events are observed for a background expectation of 12 +/- 3 events. The observed excess of events over the expected background has a significance of 8.2 standard deviations. The measured fiducial cross section is 78 +/- 13(stat) +/- 7(syst) +/- 3(lumi) nb.

Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb plus Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector / Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, D.c., Abdinov, O., Abud, A.a., Abeling, K., Abhayasinghe, D.k., Abidi, S.h., Abouzeid, O.s., Abraham, N.l., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Abulaiti, Y., Acharya, B.s., Achkar, B., Adachi, S., Adam, L., Bourdarios, C.a., Adamczyk, L., Adamek, L., et al.. - In: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - ISSN 0031-9007. - 123:5(2019). [10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.052001]