PRIMARY STABILITY OF IMPLANTS INSERTED INTO POLYURETHANE BLOCKS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Aim: to evaluate the influence of different techniques used to prepare the implant site on the primary stability of the implant in two different densities of artificial bone. Methods: a total of 150 implant sites were prepared in rigid polyurethane blocks to simulate two distinct bone densities of 15 Pounds per Cubic Foot (PCF) and 30 PCF, with a 1-mmthick simulated cortex. The implant sites were equally distributed among Piezoelectric Surgery (PES), Traditional Drills (TD), and black ruby Magnetic Mallet inserts (MM). To evaluate implant’s primary stability Osstell and micro-tomography were used. Results: our findings indicate that the ISQ values were generally higher for 30 PCF compared to 15 PCF. PES exhibited the greatest ISQ values, followed by MM and TD. These findings corresponded for both bone densities of 30 PCF and 15 PCF. By utilizing Micro-CT scans, we were able to determine the ratio of the implant occupation to the preparation site and calculate the maximum distance between the implant and the wall of the preparation site. The findings demonstrated that PES had a higher ratio of implant to preparation site occupation, followed by TD, and then the MM, at a bone density of 30 PCF. Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences in the occupation ratio among these three approaches in the bone density of 15 PCF. The smallest gaps between the implant and site preparation were seen when TD were used, followed by MM and by PES, either in a bone density 15 PCF or 30 PCF. A statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed these differences to be significant, with p-values of <0.05. Conclusions: the outcomes of this study indicate that employing the PES technique and osteo-densification with MM during implant insertion may enhance the primary stability and increase the possibility of early implant loading.