Enhanced landslide susceptibility zonation using GIS-Based ensemble techniques

Landslide Susceptibility Zonation is an efficient technique decision-makers use for disaster mitigation in landslide-prone regions. This study proposes an alternate approach for LSZ mapping, aiming to mitigate the limitations of the subjective expert opinion-based methods presently employed by disaster management authorities in India. Consequently, a GIS-based ensemble of Frequency Ratio and Analytical Hierarchy Process is employed, which offers a more robust and objective evaluation of Landslide Susceptibility. A landslide inventory of 592 incidents is processed using the database maintained by the Geological Survey of India, the national nodal agency for landslide studies. Then, LSZ mapping is conducted for a selected region in the Indian Himalayas using the processed inventory and nine causative factors (Elevation, Slope, Aspect, Curvature, Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI), Distance to drainage, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Geology, and Lithology) as input. The generated LSZ map is evaluated using separate subsets of the inventory, yielding accuracies of 74.13% and 75.08%, respectively, during the training and testing stages. The study's findings hold potential implications for more effective disaster mitigation strategies and early warning systems in landslide-prone regions.