Circadian rhythms are a mechanism by which species adapt to environmental variability and fundamental to understanding species behavior. However, we lack data and a standardized framework to accurately assess and compare temporal activity for species during rapid ecological change. Through a global network representing 38 countries, we leveraged 8.9 million mammalian observations to create a library of 14,587 standardized diel activity estimates for 445 species. We found that less than half the species' estimates were in agreement with diel classifications from the reference literature and that species commonly used more than one diel classification. Species diel activity was highly plastic when exposed to anthropogenic change. Furthermore, body size and distributional extent were strongly associated with whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal. Our findings provide essential knowledge of species behavior in an era of rapid global change and suggest the need for a new, quantitative framework that defines diel activity logically and consistently while capturing species plasticity.
When the wild things are: Defining mammalian diel activity and plasticity / Devarajan, Kadambari; Fidino, Mason; Farris, Zach J.; Adalsteinsson, Solny A.; Andrade-Ponce, Gabriel; Angstmann, Julia L.; Anthonysamy, Whitney; Aquino, Jesica; Asefa, Addisu; Avila, Belen; Bailey, Larissa L.; De Sousa Barbosa, Lyandra Maria; De Frias Barreto, Marcela; Barton, Owain; Bates, Chloe E.; Beltrão, Mayara Guimarães; Bird, Tori; Biro, Elizabeth G.; Bisi, Francesco; Bohórquez, Daniel; Boyce, Mark; Brashares, Justin S.; Bullington, Grace; Burns, Phoebe; Burr, Jessica; Butler, Andrew R.; Calhoun, Kendall L.; Cao, Tien Trung; Casado, Natalia; Cepeda-Duque, Juan Camilo; Cepek, Jonathon D.; Chiarello, Adriano Garcia; Collins, Merri; Cordeiro-Estrela, Pedro; Costa, Sebastian; Cremonesi, Giacomo; Cristescu, Bogdan; Cruz, Paula; De Albuquerque, Anna Carolina Figueiredo; De Angelo, Carlos; De Campos, Cláudia Bueno; De Sena, Liana Mara Mendes; Di Bitetti, Mario; De Matos Dias, Douglas; Diefenbach, Duane; Doherty, Tim S.; Dos Santos, Thais P.; Duarte, Gabriela Teixeira; Eppley, Timothy M.; Erb, John; Esteves, Carolina Franco; Evans, Bryn; Falcão, Maria L. M.; Fernandes-Ferreira, Hugo; Fieberg, John R.; De Souza Filho, Luiz Carlos Firmino; Fisher, Jason; Fortin, Marie-Josee; Gale, George A.; Gallo, Travis; Ganoe, Laken S.; Garcia-Anleu, Rony; Gaynor, Kaitlyn M.; Gelmi-Candusso, Tiziana A.; Gichuru, Phillys N.; Gomez, Quimey; Green, Austin M.; Guimarães, Luiza Neves; Haight, Jeffrey D.; Harris, Lavendar R.; Hawn, Zachary D.; Heiman, Jordan; Hoang, Huy Quoc; Huebner, Sarah; Iannarilli, Fabiola; Iezzi, María Eugenia; Ivan, Jacob S.; Jaspers, Kodi J.; Jordan, Mark J.; Kamilar, Jason; Kane, Mamadou; Karimi, Mohammad Hosein; Kelly, Marcella; Kohl, Michel T.; Kuvlesky, William P.; Ladle, Andrew; Larson, Rachel N.; Le, Quy Tan; Le, Duy; Le, Van Son; Lehrer, Elizabeth W.; Lendrum, Patrick E.; Lewis, Jesse; Link, Andrés; Lizcano, Diego J.; Lombardi, Jason V.; Long, Robert; López-Tello, Eva; Lugarini, Camile; Lugo, David; Mackay, Paula; Madadi, Maria; Magalhães, Rodolfo Assis; Magle, Seth B.; Maia, Ludmila Hufnagel Regis Diniz; Mandujano, Salvador; Marchenkova, Taisiia; Marinho, Paulo Henrique; Marker, Laurie; Pardo, Julia Martinez; Martinoli, Adriano; Massara, Rodrigo Lima; Masseloux, Juliana; Matiukhina, Dina; Mayer, Amy; Mazariegos, Luis; Mcclung, Maureen R.; Mcinturff, Alex; Mcphail, Darby; Mertl, Amy; Middaugh, Christopher R.; Miller, David; Mills, David; Miquelle, Dale; Miritis, Vivianna; Moll, Remington J.; Molnár, Péter; Montgomery, Robert A.; Morelli, Toni Lyn; Mortelliti, Alessio; Mueller, Rachael I.; Mukhacheva, Anna S.; Mullen, Kayleigh; Murphy, Asia; Nepomuceno, Vance; Ngoprasert, Dusit; Nguyen, An; Van Nguyen, Thanh; Nguyen, Van Thai; Quang, Hoa Anh Nguyen; Nipko, Rob; Nobre, Ana Clarissa Costa; Northrup, Joseph; Owen, Megan A.; Paglia, Adriano Pereira; Palmer, Meredith S.; Palomo-Munoz, Gabriela; Pardo, Lain E.; Parks, Chrystina; De Oliveira Paschoal, Ana Maria; Patterson, Brent; Paviolo, Agustin; Pejchar, Liba; Pendergast, Mary E.; Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto L.; Petrov, Timofei; Poisson, Mairi K. P.; Polli, Daiana Jeronimo; Pourmirzai, Morteza; Reebin, Alexander; Remine, Katie R.; Rich, Lindsey; Richardson, Christopher S.; Robino, Facundo; Rocha, Daniel G.; Rocha, Fabiana Lopes; Rodrigues, Flávio Henrique Guimarães; Rohnke, Adam T.; Ryan, Travis J.; Salsbury, Carmen M.; Sander, Heather A.; da Cruz Santos-Cavalcante, Nadia Maria; Sekercioglu, Cagan H.; Seryodkin, Ivan; Setiawan, Dede Hendra; Shadloo, Shabnam; Shahhosseini, Mahsa; Shannon, Graeme; Shier, Catherine J.; Smith, G. Bradley; Snyder, Tom; Sollmann, Rahel; Sparks, Kimberly L.; Sribuarod, Kriangsak; St. Clair, Colleen C.; Stankowich, Theodore; Steinmetz, Robert; Stevenson, Cassondra J.; Sunarto Sunarto, Null; Surasinghe, Thilina D.; Sutyrina, Svetlana V.; Swaisgood, Ronald R.; Taktehrani, Atie; Thapa, Kanchan; Thorton, Matthew; Tilker, Andrew; Tobler, Mathias W.; Tran, Van Bang; Tucker, Jody; Van Horn, Russell C.; Vargas-Soto, Juan S.; Velásquez-C, Karen L.; Venter, Jan; Venticinque, Eduardo M.; Verschueren, Stijn; Wampole, Erin; Watchorn, Darcy J; Wearn, Oliver R.; Weiss, Katherine C. B.; Welschen, Alejandro; Widodo, Febri Anggriawan; Williamson, Jacque; Wilting, Andreas; Wittemyer, George; Zavaleta, Arturo; Zellmer, Amanda J.; Gerber, Brian D.. - In: SCIENCE ADVANCES. - ISSN 2375-2548. - 11:9(2025), pp. 1-12. [10.1126/sciadv.ado3843]
When the wild things are: Defining mammalian diel activity and plasticity
Mortelliti, Alessio;
2025-01-01
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are a mechanism by which species adapt to environmental variability and fundamental to understanding species behavior. However, we lack data and a standardized framework to accurately assess and compare temporal activity for species during rapid ecological change. Through a global network representing 38 countries, we leveraged 8.9 million mammalian observations to create a library of 14,587 standardized diel activity estimates for 445 species. We found that less than half the species' estimates were in agreement with diel classifications from the reference literature and that species commonly used more than one diel classification. Species diel activity was highly plastic when exposed to anthropogenic change. Furthermore, body size and distributional extent were strongly associated with whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal. Our findings provide essential knowledge of species behavior in an era of rapid global change and suggest the need for a new, quantitative framework that defines diel activity logically and consistently while capturing species plasticity.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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