Dark Matter Search with CAST and Beyond CAST

The CERN Solar Axion Telescope (CAST) is searching axion particles since 1999. No axions have been detected yet by CAST. However, two publications in Nature show the CAST results which was initially operated as an axion helioscope and in the last few years was transformed into a Dark Matter (DM) axion haloscope. We recall that DM was discovered through unexpected cosmological observations by F. Zwicky in 1933. However, there are several observations in our solar neighborhood which cannot be explained conventionally. Examples include the physical mechanism behind the heating of the solar atmospheric layers, the triggering of solar flares, the quasi-ubiquitous 11-year solar cycle, but also the annual heating up of the stratosphere in January, and the mysterious behavior of our ionosphere (at least since 1937) in December. Streaming DM with velocities of ~0.001c (c = speed of light) can provide a common solution through gravitational focusing by the solar-system bodies. This matches as the underlying physical process behind the solar cycle, which was actually initially suspected as a planetary-dependent signature. However, it is known since 1859, that planetary tidal forces are extremely small for such a planetary impact. Therefore, with the use of an overlooked “streaming invisible matter” an external impact can be possible reconciling all the investigated mysterious observations. Planetary relationships have been derived for both the dynamic Sun and Earth, reflecting multiple signatures for streaming DM. Therefore, anomalies within our solar system could be the manifestation of the dark Universe. Favorite particle candidates are anti-quark-nuggets (AQNs), magnetic monopoles, dark photons, or other proposals like the composite “pearls” and some stable baryons. The streaming DM scenario can enhance spatiotemporally the incoming DM flux favoring conditions for the direct DM detection of the not-so-invisible as originally anticipated dark Universe.