Three-Dimensional Modelling Approach for Low Angle Normal Faults in Southern Italy: The Need for 3D Analysis

Geological cross-sections and structural maps can be used to determine the geological setting of an area that has to be explored. Sometimes more complex tools, like contour maps and isobath and isopach maps, can be used to better investigate the study area. The problem is that all these tools (maps and sections) are two-dimensional descriptions of the structures, and geological objects must often be considered in their three-dimensional complexity. Representing a geological object with only a cross-section could be misleading and not precise if the geological context involves intense and/or not cylindrical deformation. The starting point for a 3D model is generally a set of cross-sections and/or geological measurements. Often, the entire model is the interpolation of all the user-defined crosssections but, in theory, models require existing data against which it can be tested. The best way to achieve this goal is to use a high perceptual of data available for the model built, then perform a quality check using data not included in the model building. In this way, it is possible to check where and how the interpolation moves away from measured data.