Cryogenic Storage Systems: state-of-the-art of Challenges and Preliminary Lab-Scale Numerical Model

Cryogenic fluids like LNG and renewable LH₂ play a key role in decarbonizing transport and hard-to-abate sectors, yet their use faces challenges such as Boil-Off Gas (BOG) losses during storage and transfer. Literature presents few studies addressing the modelling of these phenomena in lab-scale cryogenic storage systems. This work proposes a preliminary numerical model simulating BOG dynamics and liquid transfer in a lab-scale setup using liquid nitrogen (LN2). Initial results show good agreement with expected system behaviour. Future efforts will focus on experimentally validating the model through dedicated lab tests.