Ipsam pacem fare et esse inviolabile absolvenda et observari debere ab omnibus per omnis’. Peace and readmission in Medieval communal Umbria.

The themes of conflict and exclusion within the context of the Italian commune have long attracted the attention of historians, whereas the reverse process, peace and readmission, has not received the same level of interest. Issues surrounding political exile and pacification have traditionally been treated as separate topics, rarely investigated in a complementary manner. In practice, this has led to the emergence of two distinct historiographical strands that have had little contact with one another, to the point of losing sight of each other entirely. Research on exclusion has increasingly focused on the political, social, and conflict-driven aspects of the act, while studies on peace have shifted primarily toward mystical and religious dimensions, completely overlooking the political implications of the gesture. In reality, the matter is far more complex. Exclusion and readmission are, in fact, deeply intertwined dynamics that cannot be understood in isolation from one another. For this reason, this study will examine the four modes of readmission identifiable within the political and judicial system of Perugia, ranging from the actions of the Disciplinati and the armed conquest of the city by exiles to private and public peace agreements and formal amnesties.