We report the first generation of coherent, tunable, variable-polarization, soft X-ray femtosecond pulses, generated by a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the fresh bunch, two-stage harmonic upshift configuration. Characterization of the radiation proves this FEL configuration can produce single-transverse-mode, narrow-spectral-bandwidth output pulses of several tens of microjoules energy and low pulse-to-pulse wavelength jitter at final wavelengths of 10.8 nm and below. The fresh bunch configuration enhances the FEL emission at high harmonic orders by avoiding a gain depression due to the energy spread induced by the first-stage FEL interaction. Coherent signals measured down to 4.3 nm suggest this configuration is directly scalable to photon energies that will enable scientific investigations below the carbon K-edge, including access to the L-edges of many magnetic materials, with an energy per pulse unlocking the gate for experiments in the soft X-ray region with close to Fourier-transform-limited pulses.
Two-stage seeded soft-X-ray free-electron laser / E., Allaria; D., Castronovo; P., Cinquegrana; P., Craievich; DAL FORNO, Massimo; M. B., Danailov; G., D'Auria; A., Demidovich; G., De Ninno; S., Di Mitri; B., Diviacco; W. M., Fawley; M., Ferianis; Ferrari, Eugenio; L., Froehlich; G., Gaio; D., Gauthier; L., Giannessi; R., Ivanov; B., Mahieu; N., Mahne; I., Nikolov; Parmigiani, Fulvio; G., Penco; L., Raimondi; C., Scafuri; C., Serpico; P., Sigalotti; S., Spampinati; C., Spezzani; M., Svandrlik; C., Svetina; M., Trovo; M., Veronese; D., Zangrando; M., Zangrando. - In: NATURE PHOTONICS. - ISSN 1749-4885. - STAMPA. - 7:(2013), pp. 913-918. [10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.277]
Two-stage seeded soft-X-ray free-electron laser
DAL FORNO, MASSIMO;FERRARI, EUGENIO;PARMIGIANI, FULVIO;
2013-01-01
Abstract
We report the first generation of coherent, tunable, variable-polarization, soft X-ray femtosecond pulses, generated by a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the fresh bunch, two-stage harmonic upshift configuration. Characterization of the radiation proves this FEL configuration can produce single-transverse-mode, narrow-spectral-bandwidth output pulses of several tens of microjoules energy and low pulse-to-pulse wavelength jitter at final wavelengths of 10.8 nm and below. The fresh bunch configuration enhances the FEL emission at high harmonic orders by avoiding a gain depression due to the energy spread induced by the first-stage FEL interaction. Coherent signals measured down to 4.3 nm suggest this configuration is directly scalable to photon energies that will enable scientific investigations below the carbon K-edge, including access to the L-edges of many magnetic materials, with an energy per pulse unlocking the gate for experiments in the soft X-ray region with close to Fourier-transform-limited pulses.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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